The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) is a benchmark interest rate used as a reference for the cost of borrowing in financial markets. Here’s a definition tailored for a UK audience:

1. Definition:
   • LIBOR: The London Interbank Offered Rate is the average interest rate at which major banks in London are willing to lend to each other in the international interbank market for short-term loans. It serves as a benchmark for interest rates globally and is widely used in financial products such as loans, mortgages, derivatives, and bonds.
2. Key Points:
   • Calculation: LIBOR rates are calculated daily for several different currencies and varying maturities (e.g., overnight, one month, three months) based on submissions from a panel of major banks.
   • Benchmark: It provides a standard reference rate that reflects the general level of interest rates in the economy and influences the pricing of financial contracts worldwide.
   • Usage: Banks use LIBOR as a basis for determining interest rates on loans to consumers and businesses. It also affects financial markets by influencing the cost of borrowing and lending across various sectors.
   • Reform: In recent years, there has been a global transition away from LIBOR to alternative risk-free rates (RFRs) due to concerns over manipulation and lack of underlying transactions. The UK has been actively involved in this transition to ensure a more robust and transparent benchmark rate system.
3. Importance:
   • Financial Products: Many financial contracts, including mortgages, corporate loans, and derivatives, are tied to LIBOR. Changes in LIBOR rates can impact the cost of borrowing for consumers and businesses.
   • Regulation: LIBOR is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK to ensure its integrity and reliability as a benchmark rate.
4. Transition to Alternative Rates:
   • Replacement: Various countries, including the UK, are transitioning to alternative risk-free rates (RFRs) such as SONIA (Sterling Overnight Index Average) for GBP transactions. This transition aims to improve the robustness and transparency of benchmark rates.

In summary, LIBOR plays a significant role in the UK financial system as a benchmark interest rate that influences borrowing costs and financial markets globally. Its ongoing transition to alternative rates reflects efforts to enhance market integrity and reliability in financial benchmarking.